The History and Working of U.S Supreme Court

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The Supreme Court of the United States also known as SCOTUS is the highest federal court in the country and the head of the Judicial Branch of Government. Established by the United States Constitution, the Supreme Court has the ultimate jurisdiction over all laws within the United States and is responsible for evaluating the constitutionality of those laws. The Supreme Court's justices are nominated by the president of the United States and confirmed or denied by the U.S Senate The Supreme Court, which is currently made up if nine justices, has the power to check the action of the other two branches of government; the executive branch of the president and the legislative branch of Congress. The Supreme Court was established in 1789 by Article Three of the U.S Constitution, which also granted Congress the power to create inferior federal courts. The Constitution permitted Congress to decide the organization of the Supreme Court, and the legislative branch first exercised this power with the Judiciary Act of 1789. The act, signed into law by President George Washington, specified that the court would be made up of six justices who would serve on the court until they died or retired. The highest judicial officer in the nation, the chief justice is responsible for presiding over the Supreme Court and setting an agenda for the justice's weekly meetings. Although the first court was comprised of six justices, Congress altered the number of Supreme Court seats. In 1869, Congress set the number of seats to nine, where it remains now with Chief Justice John Roberts, Jr.

As of January 2021, 115 justices have served on the Supreme Court. One of the many notable Justices would be John Marshall. Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice and served in that position for 34 years, the longest term of any. Another, Chief Justice Earl Warren, in the 1950s and 1960s issued numerous landmark decisions such as banning school segregation in Brown v. Board of Education. As well as put in place Miranda rights in Miranda v. Arizona and abolishing interracial marriage prohibitions in Loving v. Virginia. 





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